Para além da pauta: sistemas “alternativos” na representação gráfica do som organizado

In this article, a reflection on the limits of the staff in the representation of organized sound is briefly presented, followed by the consideration of the proposals that some ethnomusicologists have developed to highlight particular aspects of music. Some antecedents are provided, such as the synoptic transcription (Constantin Brăiloiu) and the paradigmatic transcription (NicolasRuwet). Other proposals will be discussed, like the graphical representation of musical structure (Bernard Lortat-Jacob, Hugo Zemp) or the use of spectrograms (Charles Seeger, Mireille Hellfer,Lortat-Jacob, Grazia Tuzi), graphic devices (Charles Adams), musemes (Philip Tagg), sonograms (Enrique Cámara), frame by frame musical transcription (Gerhard Kubik), and local systems of notation. According to these proposals, the graphical representation of music beyond the staff maintains its efficiency in current ethnomusicology (with different objectives and even different targets). Moreover, I will argue that it is necessary to take into consideration the place occupied by the use of these tools in the tensions and interactions between etic and emic perspectives, and the need to reconcile the internal consistency required for any system of visual representation of sound, with the need to make permanently flexible proposals based on intercultural dialogue.En este artículo se presenta una breve reflexión sobre las limitaciones del pentagrama en la representación del sonido organizado, seguida por la consideración de las propuestas desarrolladas por algunos etnomusicólogos para evidenciar aspectos particulares de la música. Se mencionan antecedentes como la transcripción sinóptica (Constantin Brăilou) y la transcripción paradigmática (Nicolas Ruwet). Otras propuestas comentadas aquí son la representación gráfica de la estructura musical (Bernard Lortat-Jacob, Hugo Zemp), el uso de espectrogramas (Charles Seeger, Mireille Hellfer, Lortat-Jacob, Grazia Tuzi), recursos gráficos (Charles Adams), musemas (Philip Tagg), sonogramas (Enrique Cámara), notación a partir de películas silentes (Gerhard Kubik) y los sistemas locales de representación de la música. De acuerdo con estas y otras propuestas, la representación gráfica de la música que persigue la superación de las limitaciones del pentagrama sigue vigente en la actual etnomusicología (con distintos objetivos y finalidades). De este modo se espera demostrar la pertinencia de considerar el lugar ocupado por estas herramientas en las tensiones e interacciones entre las perspectivas etic y emic, así como la necesidad de reconciliar la coherencia interna requerida por todo sistema de representación visual del sonido con la conveniencia de elaborar permanentemente propuestas flexibles basadas en el diálogo intercultural.Este artigo apresenta uma breve reflexão sobre as limitações da pauta na representação do som organizado, com base nas propostas que alguns etnomusicólogos têm desenvolvido para realçar aspectos particulares da música. Para além dos antecedentes considerados –tais como a transcrição sinóptica (Constantin Brăiloiu) e a transcrição paradigmática (Nicolas Ruwet)–, são também analisadas outras propostas como a representação gráfica da estrutura musical (Bernard Lortat-Jacob, Hugo Zemp), o uso de espectrogramas (Charles Seeger, Mireille Hellfer, Lortat-Jacob, Grazia Tuzi), de dispositivos gráficos (Charles Adams), de musemas (Philip Tagg), de sonogramas (Enrique Cámara), da notação de filmes mudos (Gerhard Kubik), e de sistemas locais de notação. De acordo com estas propostas, a procura de superação das limitações da partitura nos processos de representação gráfica da música, mantém a sua eficácia na Etnomusicologia atual (com diferentes objetivos e finalidades). Procura-se, desta forma, demonstrar a pertinência de considerar o lugar ocupado pela utilização destas ferramentas nas tensões e interações entre as perspectivas émica e ética, e a necessidade de conciliar a consistência interna, necessária para qualquer sistema de representação visual do som, com a necessidade de apresentar propostas permanentemente flexíveis baseadas no diálogo intercultural

An Andean Musical Structure That Defies Borders

In many existing repertoires of traditional music in the South American Andean area a type of melodic structure that seems to refer to a common antecedent can be detected, even though its adaptation to the various genres is manifested through musical variants. The comparative analysis of these expressions (some belonging to the heptatonic modal and tonal systems of European origin and other that are typical of the anhemitonic pentatonic Andean system) allows a possible influence of the latter on the former to be hypothesized. This proposal aims to advance in this direction and will try to highlight one of the characteristics that give cohesion to musical expressions from a cultural area affected by processes of transculturation and identity affirmation. To achieve new knowledge about this phenomenon one has to analyze both the musical structures and the implications of its use in repertoires emerging at different times and in different circumstances, linked to the search and affirmation of an Andean cultural identity through organized sound.  In many existing repertoires of traditional music in the South American Andean area a type of melodic structure that seems to refer to a common antecedent can be detected, even though its adaptation to the various genres is manifested through musical variants. The comparative analysis of these expressions (some belonging to the heptatonic modal and tonal systems of European origin and other that are typical of the anhemitonic pentatonic Andean system) allows a possible influence of the latter on the former to be hypothesized. This proposal aims to advance in this direction and will try to highlight one of the characteristics that give cohesion to musical expressions from a cultural area affected by processes of transculturation and identity affirmation. To achieve new knowledge about this phenomenon one has to analyze both the musical structures and the implications of its use in repertoires emerging at different times and in different circumstances, linked to the search and affirmation of an Andean cultural identity through organized sound.

Dossier de Prevención y Medio Ambiente de los puestos de servicios comunes

Memoria explicativa acerca de cómo se realiza un Dossier de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales y Medio Ambiente para los puestos de servicio comunes (dirección, jerarquía, técnicos y administrativos) de la factoría Michelin España-Portugal, S.A. en su fábrica de Valladolid. El Trabajo Fin de Máster incluye la identificación de la fábrica, motivos y objetivos del trabajo, medios utilizados, y metodología empleada para la relación del citado Dossier. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, análisis de dichos resultados y conclusiones. La realización del Dossier ha requerido un trabajo previo de adquisición de conocimientos, obtención de datos y reuniones, así como un trabajo final de defensa y divulgación de los dossieres ante el personal afectado.Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio AmbienteMáster en Gestión de la Prevención de Riesgos Laborales, Calidad y Medio Ambient

Herramienta pico para la formulación y búsqueda de preguntas clínicamente relevantes en la psicooncología basada en la evidencia

The aim of this study was to provide a description of the PICO system, exemplify the use thereof for the formulation of clinically relevant questions and show how to search for papers in the field of psycho-oncology. Through this paper, the main component of PICO system and how that can be integrated to make relevant clinical questions are described. Using and example We show the way in which the psycho-oncologists can use de PICO system in their daily consultation. Finally, criticism of the tool and future research in the field are described.El objetivo de este estudio fue proporcionar una descripción del sistema PICO, ejemplificar el uso del mismo para la formulación de preguntas clínicas relevantes y la búsqueda de artículos en el área de la psicooncología. A lo largo del escrito, se describen los principales elemento del sistema PICO y la forma en la cual se pueden integrar para formular preguntas clínicas relevantes. De igual forma, se ejemplifica por medio de un caso de la práctica psicooncológica diaria, la forma en la cual se desarrollan los pasos en PICO y las bases de datos en las cuales se pueden realizar la búsqueda de información, para solventar las preguntas planteadas. Finalmente, se describen las críticas a la herramienta y las posibles áreas de investigación en un futuro

The intersex movement: Empowering through new technologies

The aim of this article is to explore the different demands and priorities of the intersex community as displayed in various Internet sites. It focuses on common and divergent viewpoints and strategies associated with the social, medical and legal regulations affecting intersex persons. It also demonstrates how online-based policy-making can lead to real actions and change, by allowing to provide information and support for intersex people, their families and supporters. This is oriented to reduce, if not eliminate, the shame and secrecy surrounding the topic, as well as inform and educate physicians and professionals specialized in intersex issues.Fil: Brossi, Lionel. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Landa, Maria Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; ArgentinaFil: Ortíz de Zarate, Amalia. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chil

Study of biomolecules adsorption on carbon nanotubes for their application as biosensors

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are a new material with electric, mechanical and electrochemical properties that make them interesting for different applications. Due to their high superficial area, the CNTs are very sensitive to molecules adsorbing on them. This property makes them a very good candidate for integrating into biosensors. In this context, the control of the non specific adsorption of molecules different from the one wanting to detect, is a parameter to be known and controlled. Along this Master Final Project, the adsorption of streptavidin, a biomolecule widely used in biomedical research, on the surface of Single Walled NanoTubes (SWNTs) have been studied. The highly specific biotin-streptavidin system have been used for specifically binding the streptavidin to the surface of the nanotube and to control the degree of specific / non specific adsorption. SWNTs with different functional groups at the surface have been considered. The horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed oxidation of 3,3’-5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) have been used as colorimetric test to determine the presence of streptavidin onto the SWNTs. The non specific adsorption of the protein has been intended to be prevented. Among the great variety of surfactants and molecules used to prevent the adsorption, polyethylene glycol (PEG), Tween20® and Pluronic® F-127 have been used. No complete blockage have been achieved. Once the adsorption of that protein over the surface of SWNTs has been known, it has been used to detect DNA hybridization, binding on strand to the nanotube in a specific way. The detection of the hybridization have been carried out optically by a fluorescent probe on the complementary strand

EMF on Rails

This is an electronic version of the paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Software Paradigm Trends, ICSOFT 2012, held in Rome.In this paper we propose leveraging existing frameworks for automated web application development, in the style of Ruby on Rails, Grails and Spring Roo, for their use within a Model-Driven Engineering process. Our approach automates the construction of domain-specific generators for web applications in particular domains. These generators are able to synthesize web applications using Spring Roo, starting from annotated models. In this way, designers of web applications do not need to be proficient in web automation frameworks, but they can benefit from the use of domain-specific, intuitive models. We illustrate our approach by generating an application to edit Eclipse Modelling Framework (EMF) models through the web.This work was supported by a grant provided by CONACyT and Tecnol´ogico de Monterrey, Mexico City Campus. This research is part of the project ”Dynamic Probabilistic Graphical Models and their Applications”, number 95185, funded by CONACyT and the European Union through FONCICyT. This work is also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (TIN2011-24139) and the R&D programme of the Madrid Region (S2009/TIC-1650)

Tracer test modeling for characterizing heterogeneity and local-scale residence time distribution in an artificial recharge site

Artificial recharge of aquifers is a technique for improving water quality and increasing groundwater resources. Understanding the fate of a potential contaminant requires knowledge of the residence time distribution (RTD) of the recharged water in the aquifer beneath. A simple way to obtain the RTDs is to perform a tracer test. We performed a pulse injection tracer test in an artificial recharge system through an infiltration basin to obtain the breakthrough curves, which directly yield the RTDs. The RTDs turned out to be very broad and we used a numerical model to interpret them, to characterize heterogeneity, and to extend the model to other flow conditions. The model comprised nine layers at the site scaled to emulate the layering of aquifer deposits. Two types of hypotheses were considered: homogeneous (all flow and transport parameters identical for every layer) and heterogeneous (diverse parameters for each layer). The parameters were calibrated against the head and concentration data in both model types, which were validated quite satisfactorily against 1,1,2-Trichloroethane and electrical conductivity data collected over a long period of time with highly varying flow conditions. We found that the broad RTDs can be attributed to the complex flow structure generated under the basin due to three-dimensionality and time fluctuations (the homogeneous model produced broad RTDs) and the heterogeneity of the media (the heterogeneous model yielded much better fits). We conclude that heterogeneity must be acknowledged to properly assess mixing and broad RTDs, which are required to explain the water quality improvement of artificial recharge basins.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version